Forensic Psychology
Turning to crime
Upbringing - disrupted families [Juby and Farrington], differential association
theory (learning from others) [Akers], poverty and disadvantaged neighbourhoods [Wikstrom and Tafel]
Cognition – criminal thinking patterns, [Yochelson and Samenow] moral development,
social cognition (attribution) [both use Palmer and Hollin]
Biology – brain dysfunction [Raine], genes and serotonin [Brunner], gender [Daly and Wilson]
Making a case
Interviewing witnesses – recognising faces [Bruce], influencing
factors (weapon focus)[Loftus] , cognitive interview [Fisher]
Interviewing suspects – detecting lies [Mann], interrogation
techniques [Inbau], false confessions [Gudjonsson]
Creating a profile – top down [Mokros and Alison], bottom up [Copson], case study of John
Duffy [Canter]
After a Guilty Verdict
Imprisonment – Planned behaviours [Gillis and Nafekh], depression/suicide risk [Dooley], prison
situation and roles [Haney and Zimbardo]
Alternatives to imprisonment – probation [Mair and May], restorative
justice [Sherman and Strang], looking death worthy [Eberhardt]
Treatment programmes – cognitive skills [Friendship], anger management [Ireland] and ear acupuncture [Wheatley]
Health and Clinical Psychology
Stress
Causes of stress – work [Johansson], hassles [Kanner], lack of control [Geer and Maisel]
Measures of stress – self report [Kanner], physiological [Geer and Maisel], combined
approach [Johansson]
Managing stress – stress inoculation therapy [Meichenbaum], biofeedback [Budzynski],
social support [Waxler-Morrison]
Dysfunctional behaviour/Disorders
Diagnosing dysfunctional behaviour – definitions [Rosenhan and Seligman], DSM,
gender bias [Ford and Widiger]
Explanations of dysfunctional behaviour/disorders – faulty thinking
(cognitive) [Beck], learned/positive reinforcements (behavioural) [Lewinson], serotonin and genes
(biological) [Wender]
Treatments of dysfunctional behaviour/disorders – rational emotive
therapy (cognitive) [Beck], CBT/behavioural activation (behavioural) [Lewinson], drug therapy
(biological) [Karp and Frank]
Note that the two Beck studies and two Lewinson studies are different studies. The explanations one refers to studies where Beck interviewed patients with depression to see what cognitive distortions they shared, and Lewinson looked at positive reinforcements in the lives of depressed participants. In the treatments studies, Beck compares drug therapy and cognitive therapies, whilst Lewinson sees whether a "coping with depression" course coupled with parents being taught how to reinforce good behaviour is studied.
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